Articles - Nova Art Tüp Bebek Merkezi

03/Mar/2026

In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment has become a beacon of hope for couples dreaming of having a child. One of the most critical steps in this process is embryo transfer, which plays a major role in achieving a successful pregnancy. So, what is embryo transfer? How and when is it performed? What happens after embryo transfer? What are the chances of success with the transfer of two embryos? How is frozen embryo transfer carried out, and is groin pain afterward normal? In this article, we address all the key details about embryo transfer.

What Is Embryo Transfer?

Embryo transfer is the procedure of placing embryos that have been fertilized in a laboratory into the woman’s uterus. This stage is the final step of IVF treatment and is one of the most crucial phases for achieving pregnancy. Fertilized eggs are developed in a laboratory under suitable conditions for several days. The healthiest embryos are then selected and transferred into the uterus.

How Is Embryo Transfer Performed?

Embryo transfer is usually a painless and short procedure. The steps are as follows:

Preparation Stage

Before embryo transfer, the lining of the uterus is prepared for pregnancy through hormone treatments. This preparation is important to increase the likelihood that the embryos will implant in the uterine wall.

Embryo Selection

Fertilized embryos are monitored in the laboratory for several days. During this time, their development stages and quality are evaluated. The healthiest and strongest embryos are selected for transfer.

The Transfer Procedure

The woman lies in a gynecological examination position. A thin, flexible catheter is passed through the cervix into the uterus via the vagina. The selected embryos are transferred into the uterus through this catheter. The procedure is generally painless and does not require anesthesia.

After the Procedure

Following the transfer, the woman usually rests for a short time. The embryos are expected to implant in the uterine lining. The doctor provides guidance on what to pay attention to during the post-transfer period.

embryo transfer

When Is Embryo Transfer Performed in IVF?

Embryo transfer is typically carried out approximately 2 to 6 days after egg retrieval. The timing depends on the embryos’ development stage in the laboratory:

Day 2 or 3 Transfer

At this stage, embryos consist of only a few cells. In some cases, earlier transfer into the uterus may be preferred.

Day 5 or 6 Transfer (Blastocyst Transfer)

The embryos are allowed to reach the blastocyst stage. A blastocyst transfer means the embryos are at a more advanced developmental stage and generally offers a higher chance of pregnancy.

After Embryo Transfer

After embryo transfer, it is important for the woman to rest and follow the doctor’s recommendations. Some women may experience mild groin pain, which is generally considered normal. The body needs rest to allow the embryo to implant in the uterine wall and for pregnancy to begin.

Chances of Success with Two Embryo Transfers

Transferring two embryos is a practice aimed at increasing the chances of pregnancy. Compared to transferring a single embryo, transferring two embryos may provide a higher likelihood of pregnancy. However, it also increases the risk of twin pregnancy. Therefore, it is important for couples to discuss this option thoroughly with their doctor.

Frozen Embryo Transfer

Frozen embryo transfer involves thawing embryos that were previously frozen in the laboratory and transferring them into the woman’s uterus. This method can be used as an alternative to fresh embryo transfer, and success rates can be similar. Frozen embryo transfer is performed at the most suitable time when the uterus is optimally prepared to receive the embryo.

When Is Frozen Embryo Transfer Performed?

Frozen embryo transfer can be performed during a woman’s natural menstrual cycle or during a hormonally regulated cycle. The doctor determines the most suitable time for implantation and schedules the transfer accordingly.

Embryo transfer is one of the most critical stages of IVF treatment and is of great importance in achieving pregnancy. This process is carefully planned and carried out by a specialized team. On the journey to parenthood, embryo transfer represents a hopeful step for couples. By understanding the process and proceeding consciously, it is possible to increase the chances of treatment success.

Remember, each individual’s situation is different, and the embryo transfer process will be shaped according to your personal health condition and your doctor’s recommendations. We wish all couples success and a healthy pregnancy.

Groin Pain After Frozen Embryo Transfer

Groin pain after frozen embryo transfer can occur in some women. This pain is usually related to the implantation process of the embryo into the uterine wall and is considered normal when mild. However, in cases of severe pain, it is recommended to consult your doctor.

Embryo Transfer for IVF: Advantages and Risks

Embryo transfer is a critical step in achieving pregnancy during IVF treatment. However, like any medical procedure, it has both advantages and potential risks.

Advantages

Higher Chance of Pregnancy:
Embryo transfer increases the likelihood of pregnancy by placing fertilized embryos directly into the uterus. Transferring high-quality embryos further improves the chances of success.

Controlled Process:
Embryo transfer is performed in a controlled manner by monitoring embryo development in the laboratory and selecting the healthiest ones. This is an important factor that enhances treatment success.

Use of Frozen Embryos:
In addition to fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer is also possible. This allows embryos to be used at the most appropriate time and enables the woman’s body to respond better to treatment.

Risks

Risk of Multiple Pregnancy:
Especially when more than one embryo is transferred, the risk of multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.) increases. Multiple pregnancies may carry certain health risks for both the mother and the babies.

Implantation Failure:
Not every embryo transfer results in pregnancy. If the embryos fail to implant in the uterine lining, treatment may not be successful.

Physical and Emotional Challenges:
Some women may experience physical discomfort (such as groin pain) after embryo transfer. Additionally, the stress and emotional fluctuations during the treatment process may create pressure on couples.

Embryo transfer offers a significant opportunity for the successful outcome of IVF treatment. However, along with its advantages, there are also risks that require careful consideration. It is important for couples to maintain open communication with their doctors and to follow each step of the process consciously. Being patient and well-informed on this journey to success will increase the chances of achieving positive results.

novaart

27/Feb/2026

What İs İnfertility?

Infertility, commonly known as the inability to conceive, is a condition that many couples who wish to have a baby may face for various reasons. Embryo transfer, also known as in vitro fertilization (IVF), is currently one of the most preferred treatment methods to overcome infertility.

Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy despite having regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for one year in couples under the age of 35, and for six months in couples over the age of 35. If no pregnancy has ever occurred before, it is defined as primary infertility. If at least one pregnancy has occurred previously—regardless of whether it resulted in a live birth—it is defined as secondary infertility. In cases where the necessary factors for pregnancy cannot be achieved, IVF treatment is among the most commonly recommended and preferred treatment methods by obstetricians and gynecologists.

Today, the number of infertile couples is observed to be increasing due to stressful living conditions, unhealthy nutrition, smoking habits, and marriages at advanced ages. However, despite extensive research and the development of various treatment methods, the exact cause of infertility has still not been fully determined in many cases. For couples who cannot conceive, starting necessary examinations early and initiating treatment promptly is highly important in order to avoid further decline in fertility over time. Obstetricians emphasize that early intervention significantly increases the chances of achieving successful IVF outcomes.

Infertility causes may originate from the female partner, the male partner, or both. In some cases, however, pregnancy cannot be achieved even though no significant problem is identified in either partner. This group is referred to as “unexplained infertility” and accounts for approximately 10–15% of couples.

Therefore, accurately identifying the underlying cause in couples experiencing infertility is extremely important in order to achieve a healthy pregnancy and ultimately a healthy live birth. Applying the most appropriate, personalized treatment approach by an experienced IVF specialist is one of the most important factors that increases success rates in infertility treatment.

Infertility Treatments Applied at Our Centre

NOVAART IVF Center in Ankara provides the most appropriate and up-to-date treatments for couples experiencing infertility (sterility), based on clinical evaluation and current medical knowledge, under the guidance of experienced IVF specialists.

Some of the services offered by NOVAART to determine the most accurate treatment and provide the best IVF treatment in Ankara include:

Evaluation of infertile couples
Sperm analysis
Ultrasonographic examinations
HSG (hysterosalpingography – uterine imaging) and evaluation
Hormone tests
Ovulation monitoring (Ovulation Induction)
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Egg and sperm freezing and storage
Microscopic TESE procedures
Microinjection (ICSI)
IVF treatment with genetic testing (PGT)
Microchip sperm selection method
PRP applications (ovarian and endometrial)
Hysteroscopy
Laparoscopy
Treatment of intrauterine adhesions
Infertility treatments in endometriosis cases
Infertility treatments in PCOS cases
Infertility treatments in cases of recurrent miscarriage and repeated IVF failure

novaart

24/Feb/2026

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT)

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT) is a medical procedure used to examine the genetic structure of embryos and detect specific genetic diseases or chromosomal abnormalities. This technique enables genetic analysis of embryos in a laboratory setting before implantation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. PGT allows for the identification of embryos carrying various genetic disorders and the selection of healthy embryos, thereby facilitating the transfer of high-quality embryos and achieving a healthy pregnancy.

The popularity of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT) is based on its potential to reduce the risk of genetic diseases and facilitate the birth of healthy babies. It is a significant source of hope, especially for couples who are at high genetic risk. PGT may also help prevent recurrent miscarriages and repeated IVF failures.

This technique helps detect various genetic diseases and chromosomal abnormalities. In addition to common chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, it also enables the identification of single-gene disorders. In this way, the transfer of affected embryos can be prevented, and the most suitable embryo can be selected to achieve a healthy pregnancy. This is of great importance for both maternal health and the healthy birth of the baby.

However, PGT also has certain limitations and ethical considerations. For example, only specific genetic diseases can be detected with this technique, and it cannot guarantee the complete elimination of all genetic errors. Additionally, PGT is generally costly and may not be accessible to all couples. Therefore, the widespread adoption and availability of PGT depend on both technological and social factors.

What Is PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis)?

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT) is a medical procedure used to perform genetic analysis of embryos during IVF treatment. This process aims to identify specific genetic diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, or genetic carrier statuses by examining the genetic structure of embryos. PGT allows genetic analysis of embryos in a laboratory environment prior to implantation, enabling the selection of the most suitable embryo for transfer to achieve a healthy pregnancy.

PGT is generally recommended for couples who are at high genetic risk or individuals with a family history of specific genetic diseases. This procedure can help reduce the risk of genetic disorders and increase the chances of having a healthy baby. It may also offer a solution for couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages or repeated IVF failures.

The benefits of PGT include:

Detection of genetic diseases and chromosomal abnormalities: In addition to common chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, single-gene disorders can also be identified.
Selection of healthy embryos: PGT helps prevent the transfer of affected embryos and allows the selection of the most suitable embryo for achieving a healthy pregnancy.
Prevention of recurrent pregnancy loss: PGT can help identify the causes of recurrent miscarriages and reduce pregnancy losses through the transfer of healthy embryos.
Detection of genetic carrier status: PGT can determine carrier status for certain genetic diseases and provide couples with information about their genetic risks.

The PGT procedure involves genetic analysis of embryos in a laboratory setting during IVF treatment before implantation. This process is performed through a biopsy during the cell division stages following fertilization. The biopsy is usually conducted when embryos are 5 to 7 days old, and results are typically obtained within a few days. This process enables couples to select and transfer the most suitable embryo for a healthy pregnancy.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

What Are the Methods of PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis)?

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT) includes different methods used for genetic analysis. These methods use various techniques to examine the genetic structure of embryos and detect specific genetic diseases or chromosomal abnormalities. Below are the PGT methods and detailed explanations of how each works:

1. PGT-M (PGT for Monogenic Disorders)

PGT-M is a PGT method used to detect and prevent monogenic (single-gene) disorders. These genetic disorders result from a mutation in a single gene and may lead to specific diseases. The PGT-M method involves analyzing specific genes in the embryo’s genetic material and allows the identification of any mutations in those genes. This method is generally intended for couples with a family history of a particular monogenic disease or individuals known to be genetic carriers.

The PGT-M process typically includes the following steps:

Retrieval of cellular material from the embryo (biopsy)
Amplification of the embryo’s DNA
Analysis of specific genes using PCR or other molecular techniques
Detection of genetic mutations and identification of healthy or affected embryos

2. PGT-SR (PGT for Structural Chromosomal Rearrangements)

PGT-SR is a PGT method used to detect and prevent structural chromosomal rearrangements (such as translocations, inversions, deletions, etc.). These types of chromosomal abnormalities result from structural changes in chromosomes and may cause fertility problems or recurrent pregnancy loss. The PGT-SR method enables detailed examination of the chromosomal structure of embryos, allowing the selection of embryos with a healthy chromosomal composition.

The PGT-SR process typically includes the following steps:

Retrieval of cellular material from the embryo (biopsy)
Amplification of the embryo’s DNA
Use of techniques such as microdissection or FISH for chromosomal structure analysis
Detection of structural chromosomal abnormalities and identification of healthy or abnormal embryos

3. PGT-A (PGT for Aneuploidy)

PGT-A is a PGT method used to determine the presence of aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes) in embryos. Aneuploidy refers to a deviation from the normal number of chromosomes and may occur due to factors such as advanced maternal age, IVF treatment, or genetic predisposition. The PGT-A method analyzes the chromosomal structure of embryos and allows the selection of embryos with a normal chromosomal composition.

The PGT-A process typically includes the following steps:

Retrieval of cellular material from the embryo (biopsy)
Amplification of the embryo’s DNA
Use of techniques such as microdissection or NGS to analyze chromosome number
Detection of aneuploidies and identification of embryos with normal or abnormal chromosomal structures

What Are the Complications of the Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Procedure?

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT) is generally used to increase the chances of achieving a healthy pregnancy. However, as with any medical procedure, PGT carries some potential risks. These include:

Embryo loss: During the biopsy procedure, removing cellular material from the embryo may sometimes cause damage or loss of the embryo.

False positive or false negative results: Laboratory errors or challenges in obtaining representative cells during embryo biopsy may result in false positive or false negative outcomes. This may lead to the rejection of healthy embryos or the unintentional selection of affected embryos.

Pregnancy complications: Some evidence suggests that the use of PGT may be associated with pregnancy complications. For example, trauma caused during embryo biopsy may affect the implantation process and lead to implantation failure or miscarriage.

Ethical and psychosocial challenges: Ethical and psychosocial issues may arise in relation to PGT. Decisions regarding the selection or rejection of embryos identified as high-risk or affected may cause stress, anxiety, and emotional difficulties for couples.

High cost: The PGT procedure is generally expensive and may not be accessible to all couples. This can limit its use and restrict access to this advantageous medical treatment.

Rare health risks: The instruments or methods used during biopsy carry a small risk of rare complications, such as infections, bleeding, or intrauterine damage.

These risks are generally low and should be evaluated in light of the potential benefits provided by PGT. However, as with any medical procedure, it is important to consider the potential risks associated with its use.

How Can the Risk of These Anomalies Be Reduced?

Some measures that can be taken to reduce potential risks during the PGT procedure include:

Selecting an experienced and specialized healthcare team: The PGT procedure should be managed by an experienced medical team with the necessary training and expertise to perform the procedure correctly and minimize possible complications.

Using precise and reliable technologies: The technologies used for PGT should be accurate and reliable. Laboratory equipment and analytical methods should incorporate the latest technology and proven techniques to ensure accurate results.

Careful embryo biopsy: During embryo biopsy, careful techniques and appropriate equipment should be used to avoid damaging the embryo and to ensure proper development.

Ethical counseling and psychological support: Couples should receive ethical counseling and psychological support before and after the PGT procedure. This can help support decision-making and coping with potential challenges.

Detailed explanation of risks: Healthcare professionals should thoroughly explain the potential risks and complications that may arise during the PGT procedure. Access to and understanding of this information help couples make informed decisions.

Monitoring the recovery process: After the PGT procedure, during embryo transfer and pregnancy follow-up, the healthcare team should closely monitor the patient’s recovery process. This enables early detection of possible complications and timely intervention.

These measures may help reduce potential risks during the PGT procedure. However, each patient’s situation is unique, and specific precautions should be determined through individualized medical evaluation.

What Is the 2026 Price of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?

In Turkey, the cost of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGT) in 2024 generally varies depending on the couple’s preferences, medical needs, and the technology used. Since such medical procedures are typically costly, PGT prices may be relatively high, similar to other countries.

Many IVF centers and private clinics in Turkey offer Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis services, and prices may vary from one center to another. On average, the cost of PGT may range from several thousand Turkish Lira to tens of thousands of Turkish Lira.

On the other hand, leading IVF centers such as NovaArt may offer high-quality services, which can be associated with higher costs. In such centers, the price of PGT may be slightly higher compared to other clinics due to the advanced technology and specialized expertise required. However, these prices are not definitive, and each patient’s situation is different. Couples are advised to contact an IVF center directly to obtain accurate and up-to-date pricing information for the Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis procedure. It may also be beneficial to check whether such services are covered by health insurance.

The Role of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) in PGT

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) plays a critical role in detecting genetic abnormalities in embryos. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized this process. Following DNA amplification, NGS fragments DNA into millions of small pieces and reads their sequences. Compared to aCGH, this method is more sensitive and accurate and can detect mosaicism in embryos at rates as low as 20%.

The high sensitivity and accuracy of NGS increase the success of PGT, enable the selection of healthy embryos, and improve the success rates of IVF treatments. As a result, PGT integrated with NGS offers a significant advantage for achieving healthy pregnancies and births while reducing the risk of transmitting genetic diseases across generations.

What Is the Difference Between Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis?

The main differences between Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis are summarized in the table above. Both methods provide genetic analysis; however, they differ significantly in timing and biopsy location.

Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis is generally performed during pregnancy and allows examination of the fetus’s genetic structure. This method is typically used to detect specific genetic diseases or chromosomal abnormalities during pregnancy. Once a diagnosis is made, treatment options during pregnancy can be evaluated, or decisions such as pregnancy termination may be considered.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, on the other hand, involves genetic analysis of embryos before implantation. This method is used during IVF treatment and allows examination of the embryo’s genetic structure prior to pregnancy. It helps in selecting healthy embryos and increases the chances of achieving a healthy pregnancy.

Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis is generally recommended for couples at risk of specific genetic diseases during pregnancy or for patients in whom chromosomal abnormalities are detected during gestation. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis is typically recommended for couples undergoing IVF treatment or those carrying a known risk of genetic disorders. This method is used to increase the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy and to prevent the transmission of genetic diseases.

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